Common Signs and Symptoms of Lupus
Recognizing common signs and symptoms of lupus is essential for early detection and effective management. Below are common signs to look for, and effective treatment options like Lupkynis.
1. Fatigue
Fatigue is one of the most prevalent symptoms of lupus, with about 90% of lupus patients experiencing it at some point. This is not the usual tiredness but an overwhelming sense of exhaustion that doesn’t improve with rest. If you're sleeping enough and still feel drained or struggle to get through your day, it might be a sign of lupus. It can also worsen after physical exertion, a phenomenon known as “post-exertional malaise."
2. Joint Pain and Swelling
Lupus frequently causes joint pain and swelling, particularly in the hands, wrists and knees. This pain can resemble arthritis, causing stiffness, tenderness and discomfort. Often, it is worse in the morning and can last for weeks or months. If the pain persists without injury or other known causes, it might indicate lupus-related inflammation.
3. Butterfly Rash (Malar Rash)
One of the telltale signs of lupus is a butterfly-shaped rash across the cheeks and the bridge of the nose. This rash can appear after sun exposure, as lupus patients often have photosensitivity (sensitivity to ultraviolet light). The malar rash may come and go, and it can be flat or raised, red and sometimes itchy. However, not all lupus patients develop this rash, but when it occurs, it is a key indicator of the disease.
4. Photosensitivity
People with lupus tend to be highly sensitive to the sun and other light sources. Exposure to UV light can trigger or worsen skin rashes, particularly in areas exposed to the sun, such as the face, arms and neck. Sun exposure can also exacerbate other lupus symptoms like fatigue and joint pain. If you notice an unusual reaction to sunlight or skin flare-ups after sun exposure, it could be a sign of lupus.
5. Fever
Unexplained low-grade fevers (between 98.5°F and 101°F) are another early sign of lupus. These fevers can come and go, often without an identifiable infection or illness. If you experience recurrent fevers without a known cause and they last for an extended period, it may signal underlying inflammation due to lupus.
6. Hair Loss
Lupus can cause thinning hair or more widespread hair loss, known as alopecia. This occurs because lupus leads to inflammation of the skin and scalp. In some cases, hair may break easily or fall out in clumps. Hair loss in lupus can be permanent if scarring occurs, so it's important to consult a doctor if you notice persistent hair thinning or bald patches.
7. Chest Pain
Lupus can cause inflammation in the lining of the lungs (pleuritis) or the heart (pericarditis), leading to sharp chest pain, especially when breathing deeply, coughing or lying down. This pain may be mistaken for other conditions like a heart attack or lung disease. If you experience chest pain with no clear cause, lupus-related inflammation might be the culprit.
8. Kidney Problems (Lupus Nephritis)
Lupus can cause inflammation in the kidneys, a condition known as lupus nephritis. This inflammation can impair the kidneys’ ability to filter waste from the blood. Symptoms include swelling in the legs and ankles, foamy urine and high blood pressure. Often, kidney issues don’t cause noticeable symptoms in the early stages, so regular blood and urine tests are crucial for lupus patients.
9. Mouth Sores
Lupus patients may develop painless ulcers in the mouth or nose, which can persist for a few days or longer. These sores are not usually accompanied by other cold or flu-like symptoms. If you notice recurring sores, particularly without pain, it could be a subtle sign of lupus.
10. Raynaud’s Phenomenon
Raynaud’s phenomenon is when the fingers and toes turn white or blue in response to cold temperatures or stress. This happens because lupus can cause blood vessel spasms, limiting blood flow to extremities. Once the area warms up, the skin may turn red as circulation improves. If you notice frequent color changes in your fingers or toes, especially with pain or numbness, this might be an indication of lupus-related vascular issues.
Treatment Options for Lupus
Lupus is a complex disease with no cure, but it can be managed effectively with treatment. Common treatment options include:
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): Used to reduce joint pain and inflammation.
- Corticosteroids: Help reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system.
- Antimalarial drugs: Medications like hydroxychloroquine are often prescribed to help manage symptoms like fatigue, joint pain, and skin rashes.
- Immunosuppressants: Drugs like azathioprine or methotrexate help control the immune system and reduce flare-ups.
Lupkynis (voclosporin) is a newer FDA-approved medication specifically for treating lupus nephritis, a serious lupus complication affecting the kidneys. This drug helps reduce kidney inflammation and prevent long-term damage. Lupkynis, combined with other medications, offers hope for better outcomes for those suffering from lupus nephritis.
While managing lupus can be challenging, early detection and a personalized treatment plan can significantly improve quality of life for patients. Always consult with a healthcare provider to explore the best treatment options tailored to your symptoms.