Pay Attention to These Symptoms
Identifying both common and uncommon signs of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is essential for proper diagnosis and treatment. Below are the key symptoms, starting with throat inflammation.
Common Signs of Eosinophilic Esophagitis
1. Throat Inflammation
Throat inflammation is one of the earliest and most noticeable symptoms of EoE. The buildup of eosinophils in the esophageal lining causes chronic irritation, leading to swelling, redness and discomfort in the throat. People with EoE often describe a persistent sore throat, difficulty swallowing, or the feeling of a lump stuck in their throat. In severe cases, inflammation can worsen to the point where food becomes difficult to pass through the esophagus.
2. Difficulty Swallowing (Dysphagia)
Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, is a common symptom of EoE. As inflammation progresses, the esophagus may narrow or develop strictures, making it hard for food to pass through. This can create a sensation of food getting stuck in the throat or chest, especially when eating solid foods. Over time, untreated dysphagia can lead to fear of eating and weight loss.
3. Food Impaction
Food impaction occurs when food becomes lodged in the esophagus and cannot pass through. It is one of the more severe symptoms of EoE, often requiring emergency intervention. Adults with untreated EoE are particularly prone to this condition, and it can be both painful and distressing.
4. Chest Pain
Chest pain is another common symptom of EoE and can mimic conditions such as heartburn. Unlike acid reflux, chest pain from EoE is caused by esophageal inflammation and spasms. It may worsen after eating or during episodes of dysphagia.
5. Acid Reflux-Like Symptoms
Many people with EoE experience symptoms that resemble acid reflux, including heartburn, regurgitation and a sour taste in the mouth. However, these symptoms often do not respond to standard acid-reducing treatments, such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), which is a key distinction from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
6. Nausea and Vomiting
Nausea and vomiting are more common in children with EoE but can also occur in adults. Chronic inflammation and food-related triggers may cause frequent regurgitation, discomfort and occasional vomiting, particularly after meals.
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Uncommon Signs of Eosinophilic Esophagitis
While the common symptoms of EoE are well-documented, there are less frequent signs that can also indicate the condition.
7. Persistent Hiccups
Persistent hiccups can sometimes occur due to irritation of the esophagus. Although uncommon, chronic hiccups may signal underlying inflammation in the esophageal tissue.
8. Jaw or Ear Pain
Jaw or ear pain can occur in some individuals with EoE, as the inflammation in the esophagus may trigger referred pain. This symptom can be confusing and is often misdiagnosed as an ear or dental issue.
9. Sensation of Tightness in the Neck
A less common symptom of EoE is a sensation of tightness or pressure in the neck, particularly during swallowing. This can be related to inflammation or spasms in the esophagus.
10. Increased Sensitivity to Certain Textures
Some individuals with EoE develop aversions to specific food textures due to the discomfort experienced while swallowing. For example, foods that are rough, dry or sticky may exacerbate symptoms and contribute to avoidance behaviors.
When to See a Doctor
If you or someone you know is experiencing any of the symptoms mentioned above, both common and uncommon, it's important to consult a healthcare professional. Eosinophilic esophagitis requires proper diagnosis, often involving an endoscopy and biopsy of the esophagus. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent complications.